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Developmental milestones-Birth to 6 months
Physical development
- Rapid height and weight gain
- Reflexes decline
- Sleep organized into a day–night schedule
- Holds head up, rolls over, and reaches for objects
- Can be classically and operantly conditioned
- Habituates to unchanging stimuli; dishabituates to novel stimuli
- Hearing well developed; by the end of this period, displays greater sensitivity to speech sounds of own language
- Sensitive to motion and binocular depth cues
- Perceives stimuli as organized patterns; recognizes and prefers pattern of human face
Cognitive development
- Engages in deferred imitation of adults’ facial expressions
- Repeats chance behaviors leading to pleasurable and interesting results
- Aware of object permanence and other object properties in violation-of-expectation studies
- Attention becomes more efficient and flexible
- Recognition memory for people, places, and objects improves
- Forms perceptual categories, based on objects’ similar features
Social and emotional development
- Social smile and laughter emerge
- Matches adults’ emotional expressions during face-to-face interaction
- Emotional expressions become better organized and clearly tied to social events
- I-self emerges
Language development
- Engages in cooing and, by the end of this period, babbling
- Establishes joint attention with caregiver, who labels objects and events
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